Earth-Moon-Sun dynamics: The Quran Explains

By Alhaji Abdulwasiu A.O Akewusola FNIQS Esq.

Revelations on the movements of the Earth, Moon and the Sun were revealed by Allāh in the Qur’ān between 610AD and 632AD; i.e. 7th century to an illiterate Prophet in the Arabian Desert. This Prophet was Muhammad (SAW).

The scientific discoveries and inventions like the telescope and many others that were invented in recent times to physically translate the movement of the Earth, Moon and Sun came after the 17th century, unlike the revelation to Prophet Muhammad as mentioned in the Glorious Quran.

The Earth-Moon-Sun dynamics can best be summarized in the movements of the Sun, the Moon and the Earth as confirmed in the Glorious Qur’ān.  Q13: 2 Allāh is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that ye can see; is firmly established on the throne (of authority); He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His law)! Each one runs (its course) for a term appointed. He doth regulate affairs explaining the Signs in detail that ye may believe with certainty in the meeting with your Lord.

There are so many others in the Holy Qur’ān where Allāh confirms the Omni-scientific nature of Himself, especially on this subject of Earth-Moon-Sun dynamics. Few of them are as follows:

Quran 36:38 And the Sun runs his course for a period determined for him: that is the decree of (Him) the exalted in Might the All-Knowing. 39 And the Moon We have measured for her mansions (to traverse) till she returns like the old (and withered) lower part of date-stalk. 40 It is not permitted to the Sun to catch up the Moon nor can the Night outstrip the Day: each (just) swims along in (its own) orbit (according to Law).

Quran 10:5 It is He Who made the sun to be a shining glory and the moon to be a light (of beauty) and measured out stages for her: that ye might know the number of years and the count (of time). Nowise did Allah create this but in truth and righteousness. (Thus) doth He explain his Signs in detail for those who understand.

Quran 14:33 And He hath made subject to you the sun and the moon both diligently pursuing their courses: and the Night and the Day hath He (also) made subject to you.

Quran 15:16 It is We who have set out the Zodiacal Signs in the heavens and made them fair-seeming to (all) beholders; 17 And (moreover) we have guarded them from every evil spirit accursed: 18 But any that gains a hearing by stealth is pursued by a flaming fire bright (to see). 19 And the earth We have spread out (like a carpet); set thereon mountains firm and immovable; and produced therein all kinds of things in due balance. 20 And We have provided therein means of subsistence for you and for those for whose sustenance ye are not responsible. 21 And there is not a thing but its (sources and) treasures (inexhaustible) are with Us; but We only send down thereof in due and ascertainable measures.

Quran 16:12 He has made subject to you the Night and the Day; the Sun and the Moon; and the Stars are in subjection by His Command:verily in this are Signs for men who are wise. Q21:33 It is He Who created the Night and the Day and the sun and the moon: all (the celestial bodies) swim along each in its rounded course. Q31: 29Seest thou not that Allāh merges Night into Day and He merges Day into Night; that He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His Law) each running its course for a term appointed: and that Allāh is well acquainted with all that ye do?

Quran 35:13 He merges Night into Day and He merges Day into Night and He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His Law): each one runs its course for a term appointed.  Such is Allāh your Lord: to Him belongs all Dominion.  And those whom ye invoke besides Him have not the least power. Q39:5 He created the heavens and the earth in true (proportions): He makes the Night overlap the Day and the Day overlap the Night: He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His law) each one follows a course for a time appointed.  Is not He the Exalted in Power He Who forgives again and again? Q41:37Among His Signs are the Night and the Day and the sun and moon. Adore not the Sun and the Moon but adore Allah Who created them if it is Him ye wish to serve.

The Earth-Moon-Sun dynamics as contained in the Quran is aconfirmation of what the scientists studied and observed to know the actual movements of the Sun Moon and Earth. This is now used to design all the instruments that we use for timing of activities, be it religious or otherwise.

The act of moon sighting in the Muslim Community generally, especially for the commencement of Ramadhān Fasting and its termination has been causing disunity amongst the Islāmic Scholars. Some Islāmic scholars still believe that there is no reason why scientific method of sighting the moon should be adopted for the Islāmic activities despite the fact that Islām and Science are “partners in progress”.

Culled from: Islam, Science and Production of Enduring Islamic Calendar by Alhaji Abdulwasiu A.O Akewusola FNIQS Esq.

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